《牛津英语词典》最近收录了一批新冠肺炎疫情流行用语,“WFH”(在家办公)、“保持社交距离”和“自我隔离”等词汇都被纳入其中。

appear是什么意思_appearsto_appears

A man on a bench in on next to a of Bear, as the in to help curb the of the novel . [FRANK /THE PRESS]

With terms such as WFH, and self- now in , the made an to Covid-19 and words to the in its of the .

随着“WFH”(work from home,在家办公)、“保持社交距离”和“自我隔离”等词汇成为常用词,《牛津英语词典》进行了一次非常规更新,将新冠肺炎疫情相关词汇纳入其中。

[ˈpɑːləns]:n.说法;用语

The ’s Paton said that it was “a rare for to an rise in usage of a word in a very short of time, and for that word to come to , even to the of most other ”.

《牛津英语词典》执行编辑伯纳黛特·帕顿说:“在很短的时间内观察到一个词汇的使用量呈指数级上升,并压倒性地主导全球语言趋势,甚至让大多数其他话题毫无容身之地,这对词典编纂者来说非常罕见。”

Covid-19has done that, and has thus been added as a new entry in the OED, where it is as “an acute in by a , which is of and death, esp. in the and with ”.

“新冠肺炎”就是这样一个词,也由此成为《牛津英语词典》中新增加的一个词条,其定义为“一种由冠状病毒引起的人类急性呼吸道疾病,能产生严重的症状,致人死亡,特别是对老年人和有其他潜在健康问题的人群。”

[ˌekspəˈnenʃl]:adj.指数的

“As of a , this comes of our usual cycle,” said Paton. “But these are times, and OED , who like many are all from home … are the of the of the and a and to their usage.”

帕顿说:“这次更新有些不同,它不在我们通常的季度发布周期。但现在是非常时期,《牛津英语词典》的编纂者们和其他许多人一样,都是在家工作,他们正在追踪新冠肺炎疫情时期语言的发展,并为其词汇的用法提供语言和历史背景。”

The OED’s of more than 8bn words of news found that and Covid-19, a of 2019, are now . While back in , words such as , and news, by , was use terms such as , koala, Iraqi, and . By March every word in the OED’s top 20 list of was to .

《牛津英语词典》分析了包含80多亿个词汇的网络新闻,发现冠状病毒和Covid-19(2019年新冠肺炎的缩写)现在主导着全球的讨论。去年12月,“英国脱欧”、“弹劾”、“气候”等词汇占据了新闻头条,而到了今年1月,“冠状病毒”与“丛林大火”、“考拉”、“伊拉克”、“蝗虫”、“暗杀”等时事词汇一起被大量使用。今年3月,《牛津英语词典》列出的20个最关键词汇中的每一个单词都与冠状病毒有关。

“In , the words to and the virus: , SARS, virus, human-to-human, , flu-like,” said the OED in an . “By March, the the of the virus, and the : , self- and self-, , non- (as in non- ), and are all , as are PPE and .”

《牛津英语词典》在分析中写道:“1月的高频词主要与病毒的命名和描述有关:冠状病毒、非典、病毒、人传人、呼吸系统、流感样。到了3月,这些关键词反映了新冠病毒的社会影响,以及医疗应对相关问题:保持社交距离、自我隔离、封锁、非必要的(如非必要的旅行)、推迟、个人防护用品和呼吸机等词汇的使用都特别频繁。”

The OED’s have a rise in the use of terms and new , such as PPE. The first noted usage from in 1995, but Paton notes that “the was known to very few it a way of life for so many of us”. The , for , dates back to 1977 but was “ to and ”.

《牛津英语词典》的编纂者们注意到,越来越多的人开始使用专业医学术语和新的缩写词,比如WFH(在家办公)和PPE(个人防护用品)。1995年,人们首次注意到“在家办公”的用法,但帕顿指出,“在居家办公成为我们许多人的生活方式之前,很少有人知道这个缩写。”个人防护用品的缩写PPE可以追溯到1977年,但“以前可能仅限于医护和急救专业人员使用”。

, first used in 1957, “was an than a term, to an or a to from . Now we all it as a and to avoid ,” wrote Paton.

“保持社交距离”这种说法最早出现于1957年,“最初是一种态度,而不是一个描述身体距离的术语,指的是一种超然的态度,或者在社交上故意疏远他人。现在我们都明白,这是为了避免感染而与他人保持身体上的距离”,帕顿写道。

[əˈluːfnəs]:n.冷漠;高傲;超然离群

have also given rise to new . Usage of “”, or “a fatal or ”, first in 1382, not long after the in 1347 and 1351. The “self-” was first used in 1878 to the of the of Eyam in the 17th , who to the wave of “Black Death” from to .

以前的疾病大流行也产生过新的词汇。“瘟疫(尤指鼠疫)”或“一种致命的流行病或疾病”这种说法首次出现在1382年,就在欧洲黑死病于1347年至1351年达到顶峰后不久。形容词“自我隔离的”在1878年首次被用来描述17世纪埃亚姆村村民的行为,他们将自己隔离起来,以防止第二波黑死病蔓延到周围的村庄。

“It is a theme of that great great , and that has never been truer than in this ,” wrote Paton.

帕顿写道:“词典编纂的一个一贯主题是,巨大的社会变化带来了巨大的语言变化,而在当前的全球危机中,这一点从未如此真实。”

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